DBMS UNIT-1 BCA-II

UNIT - I: Overview of Database Management

 

Data, Information and knowledge, Increasing use of data as a corporate resource, data processing verses data management, file oriented approach verses database oriented approach to data management; data independence, database administration roles, DBMS architecture, different kinds of DBMS users, importance of data dictionary, contents of data dictionary, types of database languages. Data models: network, hierarchical, relational.

 

 

Data:

Data is an abstract in nature.

Data is a raw material or fact that has no meaning. 

i.e. The concept of data is referred to as ‘raw’ or 'fact' i.e. a collection of text,    numbers and symbols with no meaning. Data therefore has to be processed, or    provided with a context, before it can have meaning.

It can be used in a variety of forms like text, numbers, media, bytes, etc. 

Examples:

101 is a data because we have no knowledge about 101. It may be roll number, room number. It may be anything. Therefore 101 is a data.

3, 6, 9, 12   numeric data 

cat, dog,  rat  alphabetic data

10.1, 10.2, 10.3 float data 

A1, B2, C3 alphanumeric data 

These are meaningless sets of data. Therefore, it is a raw material.

Q. What is data? Explain with example.

Q. What do you mean by data? Explain with an example.

 

Information:

Processed data is known as information that has some meanings.

In another word, Information is a processed data that has meaning.

Data has no meaning. So, information makes data meaningful after processing. When data is processed into information, it becomes interpretable and gains significance. Information is usually the processed outcome of data.

If we put Information into an equation it would look like this:

Data + Meaning = Information

Examples:

101 is a roll number.

3, 6, 9, 12 are the number of rooms. 

cat, dog are the domestic animal. 

These are meaningful sets of data. Therefore, these are information.

 

Q. What do mean by Information? Explain with an example.

 

 

 

Knowledge:

Processed Information is Knowledge. i.e. Information with more details.

Knowledge is produced as a result of understanding after processing of information that has been given to us, and using that information to gain knowledge of how to solve problems.

Example:

The tallest student is 175cm.

A lion is not a household pet as it is not in the list and it lives in the wild.

101 is a room number of BCA-II of Disha College of Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur.

 

Q. What is knowledge? Explain with examples.

 

 

Record:

Interrelated data is known as records.

Example:

Student ( rollno, name, class, branch)

 

Database: 

Collection of related records is known as Database. i.e. Database is a collection of information in organized way.

You can organize data into tables, rows, columns, and index it to make it easier to find relevant information.

Example:

Tables are the database of Relational Database.

 

Database Management System:

It is also known as DBMS.

DBMS is a collection of Database and set of programs to store, update, & access data efficiently. Programs manage all the activities like data protection and security, user management, schema design, data manipulations etc. 

i.e.  

Database + set of programs = DBMS.

Example:

Oracle

MySql

MS Access

PostgreSQL

MongoDB etc.

 

Relational Database Management System (RDBMS):

DBMS using Tables to store, update, fetch and delete.

Tables are also known as Relations.

Example:

MS Access

Oracle

 

 

Object Oriented Relational Database Management System (OORDBMS):

RDBMS using Object Oriented Concepts is known as OORDBMS.

Example:

o   Oracle

o   MySQL,

o   Microsoft SQLServer 

o   PostgreSQL

 

 

Data Processing vs. Data Management:

 

File oriented approach vs. Database oriented approach:

 

Data Independence:

 

Database Administration Roles:

 

DBMS Architecture:

 

DBMS Users:

 

Data Dictionary and its Contents:

 

Types of Database Languages:

 

Data models:

1.     Network:

2.     Hierarchical:

3.     Relational: